The Archeological Survey of India (ASI) Monday submitted its survey report on the disputed Bhojshala temple-cum-Kamal Maula mosque complicated in Dhar district to the Madhya Pradesh Excessive Courtroom, stating that the scientific investigation reveals that the “present construction was made out of the elements of earlier temples”.
The court docket had in March final 12 months ordered the ASI to conduct the survey, observing that the character and character of the construction must be “demystified and free of the shackles of confusion”.
Hindus regard the ASI-protected complicated as a temple devoted to Goddess Vagdevi (Saraswati), whereas Muslims think about it the location of the Kamal Maula mosque. Underneath an association made in 2003, Hindus carry out puja on the complicated on Tuesdays whereas Muslims supply namaz on Fridays.
On the construction’s nature and age, the ASI report states that the “retrieved architectural stays, sculptural fragments, massive slabs of inscriptions with literary texts, Nagakarnika inscriptions on pillars, and so forth recommend that a big construction related to literary and academic actions existed on the website”.
The ASI studied a complete of 94 sculptures, sculptural fragments, and architectural members with sculptural depiction. (Wikimedia Commons)
“Based mostly on scientific investigations and archaeological stays recovered throughout the investigations, this pre-existing construction may be dated to the Paramara interval,” the report states.
In response to the ASI, the Mihrab (a distinct segment within the wall of a mosque) within the western colonnade “is a brand new development and due to this fact it’s fantastically adorned. It’s made of various materials than the complete construction”.
“Partitions of the mihrab within the west abut in opposition to the platform fabricated from basalt and having mouldings working underneath it. The fabric of the platform and the partitions of the mihrab are totally different. Pictures carved on earlier construction, pillars, pilasters, beams, home windows, had been chopped off to reuse them within the current construction. A lot of massive inscriptions in Sanskrit and Prakrit had been broken… by chiselling written surfaces,” the report states.
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The construction is adorned with 106 pillars and 82 pilasters. “Artwork and structure of those pillars and pilasters in colonnades recommend that they had been initially a part of temples. For his or her reuse within the present construction, figures of deities and people carved on them had been mutilated,” the report states.
The ASI studied a complete of 94 sculptures, sculptural fragments, and architectural members with sculptural depiction. “Sculptures of 4 armed deities had been carved on home windows, pillars and beams used within the present construction. Pictures carved on these included Ganesh, Brahma along with his consorts, Narasimha, Bhairava, gods and goddesses, human and animal figures. Pictures of animals in numerous mediums embody lion, elephant, horse, canine, monkey, snake, tortoise, swan, and chook…,” the ASI report states.
Since “human and animal figures usually are not permitted in mosques, at many locations such pictures have been chiselled out or defaced,” the ASI submitted.
“It’s noteworthy that kirtimukha with human, animal and composite faces carved on a lot of pillars in western colonnade weren’t destroyed. Small figures of deities carved on frames of home windows fastened in north and south partitions of the western colonnade are additionally comparatively in good state of preservation,” the report states.
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The ASI submitted that from the artwork and structure of adorned pillars and pilasters, “it may be mentioned that they had been a part of earlier temples and reused (to make) colonnades of the mosque…”
The report states that whereas the ASI studied Arabic and Persian inscriptions on the website, those in Sanskrit and Prakrit are older, “indicating that customers or engravers of the Sanskrit and Prakrit inscriptions occupied the place earlier”.
“Based mostly on scientific investigations, survey and archaeological excavations, research and evaluation of retrieved finds, research of architectural stays, sculptures, inscriptions, artwork and sculptures, it may be mentioned that the present construction was made out of the elements of earlier temples,” the report states.
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